VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol. It was created by Cisco to solve operational problems in a switched network with VLANs.
To better understanding of VTP, Consider a domain with several switches connected to each other that support several VLANs. A domain is a logical group of users and resources under the control of one Server, called the Primary Domain Controller (PDC). To maintain connectivity within the VLANs, each VLAN configuration must be done manually on each switch. Eventually, as the network expands and additional switches are added, each new switch must be manually or statically configured with VLAN information. A single incorrect VLAN assignment could cause potential problems, such as:
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i. Cross-connected VLANs due to configuration inconsistencies
ii. VLAN misconfiguration across mixed media environments such as Ethernet and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
With VTP, VLAN configuration is consistently maintained across a common administrative domain. Also, it reduces management and monitoring complexities of networks with VLANs.
How VTP works in a Network.
The primary role of VTP is to maintain VLAN configuration consistency across a common network administration domain. VTP is a messaging protocol that uses Layer 2 trunk frames to add, delete, and rename VLANs on a single domain. Vlan Trunking Protocol also allows for centralized changes that are communicated to all other switches in the network.
VTP messages are encapsulated in either ISL or IEEE 802.1Q protocol frames, and passed across trunk links to other devices. While switch ports are normally assigned to only a single VLAN, trunk ports by default carry frames from all VLANs.
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